Every year in the United States approximately 40,000 infants are born with congenital
heart disease. Several of these infants require corrective or palliative surgery in
the neonatal period. Mortality rates after cardiac surgery are highest amongst neonates,
particularly those born prematurely. There are several reasons for the increased surgical
mortality risk in neonates. This review outlines these risks, with particular emphasis
on the relative immaturity of the organ systems in the term and preterm neonate.
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