Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 79-83 , 2010

Chance, Bias, and Confounding: Threats to Valid Measurement of Quality in the Context of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

  • Karl F. Welke, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Surgeon, Mary Bridge/Swedish Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, Mary Bridge Children's Hospital and Health Center, Multicare Health System
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Karl F. Welke, MD, Mary Bridge/Swedish Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, Mary Bridge Children's Health Center, 311 South L St, PO Box 5299, Tacoma, WA 98415
    • ,
  • Brian S. Diggs, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Statistician, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University
    • ,
  • Tara Karamlou, MD, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Thoracic Surgery Resident, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University

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PII: S1092-9126(10)00004-9

doi: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2010.01.003

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 79-83 , 2010

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